300 argumentative essay topic ideas that are current and engaging

300 argumentative essay topic ideas that are current and engaging When you write an argumentative essay, you are required to use evidence along with your power of persuasion to convince readers that your position on an issue is correct. You must state your position, the reasons you hold that position, and then support your position with evidence. You should also deal with potential counter arguments. Before you do any of these things, you have an important step to take. You have to choose an interesting topic. It should be relevant to the class youre taking, and hopefully meaningful to you as well. If youre stuck on ideas, keep reading. Weve got 45 topic ideas that current, engaging, and easy to research. To keep things really interesting, well go into some detail on a few of the more interesting topics. Current And Controversial Topics These are topics that can often be found in headline news articles. They are often controversial and people have strong opinions about them. Childhood Obesity is a Community Health Problem Not a Parenting Issue People Who Carry Concealed Are Helping to Keep Others Safe Gun Violence Victims Should be Able to Sue Gun Manufacturers Background Checks Violate The Second Amendment Community Policing is Very Effective Student Loan Forgiveness Programs Must be Saved Tuition Rates Must be Rolled Back Evangelism is Destroying America A 15 Dollar Minimum Wage Will Save The Economy Privately Owned Prisons Should be Abolished Capital Punishment is Barbaric And Should be Banned A few nations still have the death penalty. Are they correct? Is this a true deterrent or a just punishment for certain crimes? What about cases in which it was revealed that people were wrongly convicted of capital crimes were actually innocent? Then theres the issue of the death penalty being applied to minorities or people with diminished mental capacity. Theres a lot to be said for the other side of the issue as well. Do you think that the victims families deserve this kind of justice? Also, it can be argued that even if capital punishment isnt a deterrent, it is still a just consequence. Gender Roles Are an Outdated Social Construct From a ban on transgender individuals serving in the military to controversy over Targets decision to implement unisex bathrooms, the topic of gender roles has been in the news quite frequently over the last few years. So, is the idea of gender outdated? Educate your readers on the difference between sex and gender. Then, take a strong stance on the issue. Racism is The Primary Cause of Police Brutality A Wall isnt The Key to Immigration Reform Recently, an immigrant caravan traveling from Central America towards the United States led to some very intense differences of opinion among Americans. Many politicians use the topic of illegal immigration as political fodder. Of course, the biggest matter of contention is the proposed wall between the United States and Mexico. Take a stand against the wall as suggested here, or turn the topic around to make an argument in favor of it. Pharmacists Who Are Against Abortion Must Still Fill Morning After Prescriptions Damage Suffered Due to Water or Air Pollution is a Tort A group of students is suing the United States federal government over the damages caused by air pollution. Some citizens of Flint Michigan are seeking legal remedies due to the permanent damage suffered by children who were exposed to lead in the water system. Is this right? Should causing air pollution be a tort liability? The Cause of Animal Rights Has Gone Awry Nearly every moral and rational person is against animal cruelty, but where do we draw the line. For some people, any animal testing is wrong. For others, if its done to advance medical research thats fine, but it should never be used for testing commercial products. Then there are those who believe that the animal kingdom is the domain of mankind, and that the ends justify the means. What do you think? Comprehensive National Gun Control Laws Are Our Only Hope Affirmative Action Can Level The Economic Playing Field Global Warming Should be a Presidential Litmus Its Time to Elect a Woman of Color as President Term Limits Simply Dont Work Safe Spaces Stymie Free Speech The Arts And Crafts Movement Did More Harm Than Good Cable News is harmful Civil Forfeiture Laws Are Unjust NCAA Athletes Should Receive a Salary Olympic Athletes Should Not be Banned Because of The Behavior of Their Government Human Trafficking Training And Awareness is a Must For Law Enforcement Lowering The Drinking Age Will Have Tragic Consequences Yes! There Should be Limits on The Freedom of Speech The American Dream is a Harmful Notion The Gig Economy Isnt Stable All People Deserve Free Healthcare Benefits Should Not Depend on Employment School Uniforms Are Not a Stop Gap For Bullying And Classism Arts in School Deserve as Much Funding as Athletics Magnet Schools Are The Wave of The Future Charter Schools Are Dangerous And Need More Regulation Social Networking Should be Banned For Anyone Under 18 Violent Video Games Are Not a Factor in School Shootings People have blamed violent video games for school shootings, teenage suicide, and an increased likelihood of domestic violence. Do you think this is accurate, or is this simply a way to deflect from the real issues at hand? Abstinence Education Leads to Teenage Pregnancy Stem Cell Research Funding Must be Increased There Are Economic Consequences to Banning Same Sex Marriage A county clerk in Kentucky lost her job because she refused to issue marriage licenses to same sex couples. A baker was sued because he refused to bake a cake when he realized it was for a gay marriage. 13 states still ban same sex marriage, and many of these places have been boycotted by members of the LGBTQ community and their allies. Clearly there are economic consequences to taking this stand. Is that appropriate? Early Exposure to Technology Does More Harm Than Good Local And Classroom Relevance There are some topics that may be very relevant to you because of your location or the school you attend. These subjects tend to be very interesting to the people around you. Think about the hot topics in your town, or at your college or university. Revitalizing Main Street is Key to Our Towns Economic Future Local Teenagers Dont Deserve to be Banned From The Mall Our Athletic Department Must Address Allegations of Favoritism Now The athletic departments at many colleges and universities have come under fire in recent years. Some people believe they exploit student athletes. There are others who believe that student athletes enjoy a protected status, often getting away with abuse and sexual assault. Finally, many people believe that athletic funding often comes at the expense of academics and the arts. Theres a lot to unpack here. We Need a Second Local Newspaper For Balance Our Local Government Needs to Adopt a Better Infrastructure Plan Infrastructure refers to roads, bridges, water systems, public transportation, telecommunications, electricity, and other services that make living and working someplace attractive. Having good infrastructure means keeping all of these systems up and in good repair. Then theres the matter of the future. Is your town ready to continue supporting its citizens and businesses with the services they need? Do they need to implement a plan for the future? Community Service Should be Mandatory For High School Graduation Our School Mascot is Insensitive And Must be Renamed General Ethics And Morality Topics that address ethics and morality are universal. Consider weighing in on the following topics: Monogamy Isnt Necessary For a Healthy Marriage Lying Isnt Always Immoral Is telling a lie always wrong? What if it serves a just cause? What if a lie prevents someone from being hurt? Make an argument that dishonesty isnt always immoral, or take the opposite stance. Support the notion that honesty is always preferable regardless of the consequences. Life Imprisonment For Juvenile Offenders is a Just Punishment Do Atheists Have Lower Moral Standards Than Believers? Communitys Have The Right to Set Moral Standards of Behavior Should a city be able to ban the sale of alcohol, even if the state has no laws against it? What about gambling? Should a county be able to refuse to issue permits to businesses that will allow their patrons to gamble? Are there any instances where a community should be allowed to pass laws that enforce a stricter set of statutes than that applied by the state or federal government. Corporations Are Only Obligated to Make a Profit Is The Friend Zone a Damaging Social Construct? Are guys who refer to being in the friend zone creepy misogynists? Can someone be sincerely friendly with a member of the opposite sex, but also disappointed they arent in a romantic relationship with them? Should Universities Have Safe Spaces or Free Speech Zones? Businesses Dont Have The Right to Deny Services to Same Sex Couples Boycotts Are an Effective Form of Protest Celebrities Should Not Share Their Political Opinions Schools Should Not Teach Abstinence Traditional Marriage Must be Preserved People of All Political Beliefs Should be Able to Speak on Campus Fun And Entertaining Topics Not every essay topic needs to deep and intense. In some cases, its perfectly fine to pick a topic that is simply fun or entertaining. Here are some great ideas: The Harry Potter Franchise Has Gone on For Too Long The First Three Star Wars Movies Are Still The Best Disneys License Agreement With Marvel Comics is a Terrible Idea Graffiti Isnt Art Resort Vacations Are Overrated Sports Cars Arent Worth The Extra Cost Experiences Are Better Than Presents Deadpool is The Most Cleverly Written Superhero Character in Recent Years The Microbrewery Scene is Stuck up And Full of Pretentious Hipsters Millennial Bashing Has no Basis in Accuracy Local Theater Deserves Community Support Extroverts Are People Too! Ska is an Underrated Musical Genre Remakes Are Killing The Film Industry It may seem as if nearly every movie is a remake of an older film, or its an adaptation of an older tv show. Speaking of TV shows, even those are being recycled. What are the impacts of this? Is it possible to be creative and produce good writing on projects like these, or do remakes simply need to go away. eSports Players Are Athletes Streaming Will be The End of Major Record Labels Torrenting is Intellectual Theft Learning to Draw on Paper is The Best Method Fanfiction is a Legitimate Art Form Tumblr is an Underrated Social Media Platform Undertale is The Best Video Game Online The Zelda Franchise is Better Than The Mario Franchise Runescape is an Underrated RPG Kevin Smith is an Overrated Director Andrew WK And Steev Mike Are The Same Person Most Rap Rivalries Are Made up by The Studios Everyone Has Artistic Talent Printed Books Are Better Than Digital Photographers Charge Too Much Money Molecular Gastronomy is Not Real Cuisine A 20% Tip is Too Much Nike Makes Better Shoes Than Converse Shoppings Malls Arent as Dead as People Think Food Trucks Are Overrated Smoking Should be Banned From All Public Places Fast Food Causes Obesity Cell Phones Dont Belong in The Classroom Social Media is an Important Skill What is Your Position on Pirating Chinese Should be Offered as a Foreign Language Bilingualism Helps Children English Should be The Official Language of The USA GMO Foods Should be Banned Pain Rating Scales Are Bogus There Are More Negatives to Using The Internet Than Positive The Drinking Age Should be 18 Globalization is Evil Driving With a Cell Phone Isnt That Bad There Are Benefits to Cloning People Should Never Give DNA to Genealogy Websites Students Use Facebook Because They Miss Human Connections Alternative Energy is Overrated There Are Great Reasons to be For The Death Penalty Vegetarianism is Unnatural Smoking Tobacco is Harmful to The Planet Men Are More Criminally Inclined China is The Key to Ending Pollution An Ebola Epidemic is Inevitable Pulling Out of Syria Was a Mistake Brexit Will Never Happen We Need an Internet Bill of Privacy Rights Every Person Should Care About The Environment Local Environmental Activism is Most Important Manufacturers Must be Held Accountable For Environmental Damage We Must Decrease The Population Every Human Deserves Clean Water We Must Stop Poaching We Should Make Education More Fun Hunting is Good For The Environment Recycling Should be Mandatory Healthcare Should Focus on Long Term Wellness Global Warming Will Lead to Serious Health Epidemics Sexism Drives Fashion Boredom Causes Delinquency Single Gender Schools Should be Banned The Government Cannot Provide Effective Healthcare 16 is The Best Age to STart Dating Homework Causes Family Strife The Death Penalty is Outdated Gay Couples Should be Allowed to Adopt Children The War in Vietnam Was Unjustified 21 is The Suitable Age For Voting Military Service Should be Mandatory Destruction of Rainforests Should be Banned Wealth Coincides With Happiness Corporal Punishment is Cruel And Unusual Punishment Pornography Should be Banned Most National History Stories Are Fabricated 30 is The Most Suitable Age For Marriage Teen Marriage Should be Banned Long Distance Relationships Never Work Mobile Phones Are Bad Alcohol Advertising Should be Banned Alternative Medicines Are a Scam Education is Key to Helping Developing Nations Cloning is Highly Immoral Pacifism is Not Realistic Sex Education in Schools Must be Increased There is Too Much Sex And Violence on TV Animals Shouldnt be in Zoos Deforestation Should be Illegal Bombing Hiroshima Was a Mistake LBJ Radicalized The REpublican Party Google Should Not Have Your Medical Records The War in Afghanistan is Unjustified Wild Fish is Better Than Farmed The Only Acceptable Fish is Line And Pole Caught Steve Jobs Changed The World Corporate Veil is Damaging Arranged Marriages Are a Blessing Social Media Can Bring Distant Relatives Closer Together Divorce Makes Resilient Children Friendships Fail Due to Neglect Abstinence Prevents Teen Pregnancy Competition Makes Better Healthcare We Need Free Markets Not More Regulations Mitch Mcconnell Must be Remove The Democrats Should Give in About The Wall All High School Students Should Take Parenting Classes Workplace Dress Codes Are Outdated People Should Not be Discriminated Against Over Tattoos And Piercings Public Transportation Should be Free For City Residents We Are Too Technology Dependent Smoking Increases Socialization Playing Football Causes CTE Energy Drinks Should be Banned Lecture Attendance Should be Optional For College Students Sports Teams Should be Gender Neutral Teenagers Shouldnt Need Parental Permission to Get Birth Control Extra Credit Should be Banned Students Should Receive Religious Education Students And Teachers Should Not Connect on Social Media Advertising to Children Should be Banned 14 Year Olds Should be Allowed to Work All College Freshman Should Live on Campus Children Should Choose Their Own Gender Sesame Street is Too Political Everyone Should Grow Their Own vegetables People Dont Drink Enough Water Exercise Doesnt Cause Weight Loss Pets Are Beneficial to The Airlines Animals Should Not be Allowed on Airplanes Child Support Absconders Should Not be Jailed Anorexia Can be Blamed on Fat Shaming Video Game Rating Systems Are Censorship Executing Saddam Hussein Was Necessary College Graduates Should Take a Gap Year Teachers Should Stay Out of Students Lives The Next War Will Involve Nuclear Weapons Everyone Has a Right to be Forgotten Facebook Doesnt Owe Anyone Privacy Adoption Can be Harmful People Should be Imprisoned For Driving Drunk Movie Rewards Shows Are Overindulgent YouTube Stars Dont Contribute Anything Meaningful Wearing Fur is Sinful Polygamy Should be Legal Russia Should Bury Lenin Nude Beaches Should be Banished Public Displays of Affection Are Inappropriate Puerto Rico Should be a State People Should be Fined For Playing Loud Music Homeowners Should Not Own Gas Powered Lawn Equipment Tipping Should be at Least 25% Uber Drivers Should Make Minimum Wage Urban Foraging Should be Legalized Restaurants Should be Fined For Wasting Food National Park Should be Closed Until The Government Shutdown Ends Teachers Should Not be Allowed to Strike Its Better For Students to Attend The Same School For The First 12 Years Homeschooling Leaves Children Poorly Socialized There Should be Drug Testing in Middle Schools Standardized Testing is Overemphasized Standard Testing is a Poor Measurement of Ability Schools Should Give Cash Awards For Attendance High School Should be a Two Year Program Students Dont Have Enough Creative Opportunities Students Arent Learning The Right Things in School Dropping Out Should Never Be Allowed Early Graduation is Beneficial The School Year Should be Longer Schools Should Group Students According to Ability New Math Helps Students Paper Should be Banned on Campus Campuses Should go Green Baseball is Boring Women Are Better Collaborators People Should Boycott Football Most Pranks Are Bullying Children Should not Play Contact Sports Boys Have More Meaningful Friendships Than Girls Parents Take Youth Sports Too Seriously Sports Teams Should Not Use Native American Names or Mascots Cheerleading is Not a Sport Coaches Should be Less Strict With Athletes Wellness Programs Should Replace Sports If my State Had a Budget Surplus I Would Spend it on Solar Energy Military Force is Never Justified Homeschoolers Should be Allowed to Play School Athletics My Mayor Should Solve The Problem of Homelessness The Government Should be Allowed to Wiretap Without Warrants Action Must be Taken to Prevent Erosion All Sports Betting Should be Banned Stop And Frisk Should be Illegal Burning The Flag is Free Speech Protest Rallies Are a Waste of Time #MeToo Will Protect Men And Women Alike Sports Are Too Commercialized Facebook is Dying Cord Cutters Have The Right Idea Rich People Often Get Away With Breaking The Law The Rich Should Pay More Taxes There Should be Laws Against Offensiveness We Must Prevent Mass Shootings You Become an Adult When You Are Financially Independent People Can Learn a Lot From Millennials Dating is Outdated There is Too Much Pressure on Gifted Students First Year College Students Should Live in The Dorms Going to a Two Year School is a Great Way to Save Money Participation Trophies Have Ruined Children Children Should Choose Their Own Religion We Need Term Limits Parents Alone Should Teach Children Morality Grades Dont Really Matter Filibustering Should be Banned All Cars Should Use Alternative Fuels Congress Should Fund Green Energy Earned Income Tax is a Form of Welfare Stores Should be Closed on Sundays There Should be a Vote on The Shutdown It is Wrong For Bars to Ban Women There Should be a Public Dress Code Taxpayers Should Not Fund Art Final Thoughts Hopefully one of these topics will be perfect for your next argumentative essay. If not, they can surely serve as inspiration for an original idea. Just remember that every good argumentative essay starts with a great topic, is well-written, and contains great supporting evidence.

How has geopolitics changed the end of WWII Essay

How has geopolitics changed the end of WWII - Essay Example 24, 1960). In 1904 H.J.Mackinder developed his ‘Heartland theory’ presenting the world divided in ‘World Island’ comprising Europe, Asia and Africa, peripheral island groups of Americas, Australia, Japan and the British isles, and the ‘Heartland’ laying at the center of ‘World Island’ from the Volga to the Yangtze and from the Himalayas to the Arctic. Regardless the large scale character of this theory, its belonging to the postulates of geographic determinism is undutiful. Since then, despite many differences mainly in the relative percentage of the geographical factor, a great number of authors from German, British and American schools, more or less, could be associated with geographical determinism. Even Kjellen, besides his political-philosophical concept of nation and state, favored the most restricted meaning of the term of ‘geopolitics’ – â€Å"Geopolitics is the study of the state as a geographic organism or pheno menon in space; that is land, territory, or, most pregnantly, as country [Reich].†(/Kjellen, Der Staat als Lebensform, p.46, 1917/ Kristoff, The origins and evolution of geopolitics, p. 25, 1960). Kjellen’s formulations have been used to a certain degree in Germany, by K. Househofer, who claimed: â€Å"...geopolitics shall and must become the geographic conscience of the state.†(/ Houshofer, K., et al. Bausteine zur Geopolitic, p.27, 1928/ Kristoff, The origins and evolution of geopolitics, p. 21, 1960). Drawn along by Kjellen’s comprehension of autarky as good and necessary (Kristoff, L.K.D., The origins and evolution of geopolitics, p. 26, 1960) and developed by the apologists of geographical determinism, the concept of ‘natural boundary’ and the akin in spirit one - of ‘harmonic state’, were largely used in Nazi Germany as well as in the rest of the world, as a milestone in determination of the

Legal advice to Bruce on his emergency leaves Essay

Legal advice to Bruce on his emergency leaves - Essay Example Legal Position Every employee has a right to emergency leave to take care of dependants across many labor law jurisdictions. Public and private employees have equal access to time allowance in order to take care of their dependants, usually in form of unpaid emergency leaves. According to Miller (2012, p. 419), the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993 was enacted to provide protection to employees who require emergency leaves to take care of family or medical needs. The Act provides for emergency leave allowances of up to 12 weeks per year for general employment environment, which is accordingly extended in certain types of reasons for the dependant’s emergency need. For instance, if the dependant needs care following an injury while on a military duty, the Act provides for emergency leave of up to twenty six weeks a year. Under the details provided in the case facts, it is not clear what the cause is for the illness that Mary suffers from. The bottom line, however, is that Bruce as an employee is entitled to a certain amount of time for emergency medical attention for his wife. Within the restrictions under the Act for the number of weeks allowed within a twelve months working period, the question of how procedural Bruce was in taking leave may be the cause of the stand-off as opposed to whether he had a claim (McFarlane 2012, para4). It is not clear how many days Bruce took the emergency leaves as well as the reason for the illness that his wife suffered from. As explained above, there are certain causes of Mary’s sickness that could extend the days allowance. The size of the organization in which Bruce works may also bring the consideration of the length of time that he has claimed for emergency leaves into perspective. Ordinarily, the duration of the leave within the twelve month period is dictated by the size of the employee base, which is assumed to be 50 employees (Hunter 2009, p183). However, certain states do not have reservations in the limit of number of employees in the organization in order for the emergency leave to be allowed. It is only logical for the employees to be allowed to take an emergency leave if there is enough cover during the absence, presumably from the pool of colleagues. The danger to life of the dependant may, however, compel the situation to be stretched to accommodate emergency leaves. In order to qualify for an emergency leave, the employee must satisfy the basic requirements of an emergency under the Act. According to the case facts, Bruce’s relationship with Mary qualifies to access an emergency leave on family grounds. Perhaps more definitions of marital status and relationship would require visitation, but the low threshold on cohabitation may dispel such doubts. In case the employer requires proof of entitlement, Bruce will have to provide some form of evidence to support the argument that Mary is his wife (Hunter 2009, p24). Although certain circumstances may make it imp ossible to prove such a relationship immediately, the requirement of evidence reasonable under the circumstances is a sufficient proof. Legal Advice Bruce’s position in this case is that though he is entitled to a medical emergency leave for his spouse’s care, there are limitations in the allowable number of days. The sickness of Bruce’s wife is reportedly a lengthy one, stretching to over 15 years. However, it is not verifiable how many days

Wireless radio signals Essay Example for Free

Wireless radio signals Essay Coverage area: The space in which the wireless radio signals in one wireless LAN can effectively reach and be used to send and receive data between the WLAN’s APs and its clients. Shared bandwidth: A term referring to how some networks must share the right to send data by taking turns, which limits the total number of bits sent by all devices (the network’s total capacity). Wi-Fi: A term created by the Wi-Fi Alliance as part of its overall wireless LAN branding and marketing strategy; this term has become somewhat synonymous with wireless LAN over time. LAN edge: A reference to the part of the campus LAN with the end-user devices and the switches to which they connect, through an Ethernet switch or a wireless LAN access point, that contains the largest number of physical links. WLAN hotspot: A location, typically in a business like a retailer or restaurant, where customers can come and go and where the company offers a wireless LAN plus Internet access to its customers, often for free. Basic Service Set: In wireless LANs, a single wireless access point (AP) and the client devices that send data to/from that AP. Extended Service Set: A wireless LAN in which all devices communicate through one wireless access point at a time, but the wireless LAN has at least two access points that cooperate to create the single wireless LAN. Unlicensed frequency band: A set of consecutive frequencies reserved by national regulators (like the FCC in the United States), with the regulations allowing anyone’s devices to use the frequencies, although all must follow certain rules (like limiting power) so that all can get along when using the same frequencies. Nonoverlapping channels: In wireless LANs, channels (frequency ranges) used for sending data for which the frequencies do not overlap, which allows multiple devices to send data at the same time in the same space. Management and control frames: 802.11 frames defined for some overhead function in 802.11, instead of being a data frame, which carries upper-layer information. Service Set ID (SSID): The formal term for the name of a wireless LAN, as advertised in Beacon frames.

Comparing Love and Marriage in Canterbury Tales, Lanval, Faerie Queene,

Love and Marriage in Canterbury Tales, Lanval, Faerie Queene, and Monsieur's Departure Medieval and Renaissance literature develops the concepts of love and marriage and records the evolution of the relation between them. In Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, Christian love clashes with courtly love, as men and women grapple with such issues as which partner should rule in marriage, the proper, acceptable role of sex in marriage, and the importance of love as a basis for a successful marriage. Works by earlier writers portray the medieval literary notion of courtly love, the sexual attraction between a chivalric knight and his lady, often the knight's lord's wife. The woman, who generally held mastery in these relationships based on physical desire and consummation, dictated the terms of the knight's duties and obligations, much like a feudal lord over a vassal. This microcosm of romance between man and woman was anchored by the macrocosm of the bonds among men and their fealty to their lord. The dominance of women and fealty to the leader in courtly love contrasts with the d ominance ...

Current government priorities Essay

How far does the budget reflect current government priorities? â€Å"Government’s view of the economy could be summed up in a few short phrases: If it moves, tax it. If it keeps moving, regulate it. And if it stops moving, subsidise it† – Ronald Reagan In my coursework I shall be discovering what the annual government budget is, what it is spent on and why, correlating this with current priorities. I shall be investigating to what extent does the governments’ expenditure reflect on these current government priorities i.e. the amount spent on defence, the education sector and social protection. I shall be mostly using secondary research, through using websites and maybe books. I will compare spending from previous budgets to the current one and find out where changes, if any, have been made. Through figuring out where the money is spent, I can discover what the main priorities are but not neglecting the fact that some sectors are larger and undoubtedly require money being spent, e.g. Healthcare and public order & safety. Government expenditure is vital for the efficient running of the economy. The need for much of the government expenditure arises from the facts that some goods will not be provided at all by a free market economy (public goods) and that others will be under-provided (merit goods). It is spending on these goods that accounts for a large proportion of government spending (health, education, police and defence, among others). Some government expenditure is aimed at providing a safety net for the less well off in society and ensuring that they are able to survive in the event that they lose their jobs or have insufficient income. The department that deals with the allocation of most of this money is the Department of Social Security. Other government expenditure is aimed at various areas that may be considered important in a developed economy – providing a transport infrastructure, supporting the work of local government and servicing any debts that may have been accumulated in th e past. Fiscal policy refers to government policy that attempts to influence the direction of the economy through changes in government spending or taxes. Fiscal policy can be contrasted with the other main type of economic policy, ‘monetary policy’ which attempts to stabilize the economy by controlling interest rates and the supply of money. The government in power needs to ensure that the budget expenditure is divided correctly and proportionately to the areas that require it most. This depends on the government priorities. The two main instruments of fiscal policy are government spending and taxation. Changes in the level and composition of taxation and government spending can impact on the following variables in the economy: On aggregate demand and the level of economic activity; the pattern of resource allocation and the distribution of income. Fiscal policy is the use of government expenditure and taxation to manage the economy. The main changes in fiscal policy happen once a year in the Budget. It is in the Budget that the Chancellor sets the levels of taxation and government expenditure for the next fiscal year. The fiscal year runs from 6th April one year until 5th April the following year. This is why the budget is usually in March. The changes in it come generally into effect in the following month. Fiscal policy is based on the theories of British economist John Maynard Keynes. Also known as Keynesian economics, this theory basically states that governments can influence macroeconomic productivity levels by increasing or decreasing tax levels and public spending. This influence, in turn, curbs inflation (generally considered to be healthy when at a level between 2-3%), increases employment and maintains a healthy value of money. Unfortunately, the effects of any fiscal policy are not the same on everyone. Depending on the political orientations and goals of the policymakers, a tax cut could affect only the middle class, which is typically the largest economic group. In times of economic decline and rising taxation, it is this same group that may have to pay more taxes than the wealthier upper class. Similarly, when a government decides to adjust it’s spending; its policy may affect only a specific group of people. A decision to build a new bridge, for example, will give work and more income to hundreds of construction workers. A decision to spend money on building a new space shuttle, on the other hand, benefits only a small, specialized pool of experts, which would not do much to increase aggregate employment levels. Graph to show inflation rates in the UK compared with the United States and Canada. Monetary Policy involves changes in the base rate of interest to influence the rate of growth of aggregate demand, the money supply and ultimately price inflation. Monetarist economists believe that monetary policy is a more powerful weapon than fiscal policy in controlling inflation. Monetary policy also involves changes in the value of the exchange rate since fluctuations in the currency also impact on macroeconomic activity (incomes, output and prices). Basically, it is the process by which the government/ bank controls the supply of money, or trading in foreign exchange markets. Monetary policy is generally referred to as either being an expansionary policy, or a contractionary policy, where an expansionary policy increases the total supply of money in the economy, and a contractionary policy decreases the total money supply. Expansionary policy is traditionally used to combat unemployment in a recession by lowering interest rates, while contractionary policy has the goal of raising interest rates to combat inflation or calming an overheated economy. The government receives its’ money from many different areas, the graph on the next page shows exactly where from and how much: As from the chart we can see that the largest proportion of governments’ income is due to income tax that at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½157bn it is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½63bn more than the 2nd largest. Tax comes in many forms, as shown by the chart and when totaled up it is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½587bn, this breaks down to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½9,650 for every man, woman and child in the UK per year. What is the money used for and spent on? Well the money that the government has gathered from its’ many different forms of tax is spent entirely on the public. The pie chart below clearly represents what these different sectors are and how much money is actually spent on them. As we can see social protection is predominantly the largest sector that government spending is allocated with a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½57bn lead on the second largest, health, at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½104bn. From this chart it can be easy to assume that the areas with the largest spending would be those that are the largest priorities. That can be accepted to a certain extent to where you look deeper within that and take into account that some sectors are larger than others and therefore require more money to keep them running, i.e. social protection. Now I shall look at the different sectors and analyze each one, looking at the government’s main aims and objectives and comparing whether the money they are spending on each one is reflecting that; for example if in public order and safety the government wanted to initiate huge crackdown on underage drinkers and vandalism then surely the money spent in that area would be increased dramatically. I shall compare what was spent on those sectors in the year 2006 and compare that with the budget released in 2007. Taking into account inflation, which from 2006 to 2007 was 3% I can work out whether spending, has increased by a lot, remained the same or dropped. To begin with I shall look at the area of social protection, which is the largest of all spending. Social protection consists of policies and programs designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability by promoting efficient labor markets, diminishing people’s exposure to risks, enhancing their capacity to protect themselves against hazards and interruption or loss of income. In 2006 the government spent à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½151bn on social protection whereas in 2007 they spent à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½161bn, which even after taking into account inflation this is still a dramatic increase. This could by due to the fact that unemployment has risen from 2006 – 2007 and with employment and training being an area of social protection, more money is being spent to try and bring the figures down again. The next sector that I shall look at is the environment. Protecting the environment is a major concern for today’s government; well it has been for many years but even more so now. As Britain’s industry continues to expand and destroy most of our beloved countryside and pollute our skies, pressure groups and environmentalists increase the strain on the government to protect and instigate new legislation to help reduce the effects of the unstoppable industry. In attempts to keep these groups happy the government invests more money every year to meet their demands. Examples of these include the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½800m environmental transformation fund and funding for cleaner ways to produce energy such as wind farms and nuclear power. There has been an increase of expenditure for housing and environment from 2006 – 2007 of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4bn, which concludes the fact that it is an ever-increasing issue. This research indicates that current government spending in the environment does directly reflect the fact that is a main priority. In the past 3 years it has shown that the government has increased it’s spending by around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4bn per annum on the environment. If compared with other sections of spending, the environment ranks lower in comparison with others, such as social protection. This could signify that the environment is not classed as such a high priority; although relating to my earlier point of stating that the some areas are larger and therefore require more money suggests that it is not less of a priority. However, it could also be due to the fact that the government believes that protection of the population and the healthcare too are more of a priority than preserving the environment. So it can be looked at in both ways. I myself believe that the government thinks the environment is less of a priority and therefore less money should be invested there. Healthcare in Britain is different to that in most other countries in the way that we have adopted a system called the National Health Service. The NHS is paid for through our taxes and so therefore offers healthcare for everyone in the UK and securing the provision of comprehensive, high quality care for all those who need it, regardless of their ability to pay or where they live or their age. The aims set out by the Department of Health are to: * Supporting activity at national level to protect, promote and improve the nation’s health; * Securing responsive social care and child protection for those who lack the support they need. The key objectives for pursuing these aims are to: * To reduce the incidence of avoidable illness, disease and injury in the population. * To treat people with illness, disease or injury quickly, effectively and on the basis of need alone. * To enable people, who are unable to perform essential activities of daily living, including those with chronic illness, disability or terminal illness, to live as full and normal lives as possible. * To maximise the social development of children within stable family settings. These aims and objectives are generic to most years of the NHS but as research and new technologies develop the spending must increase to match demands of the population. In 2002 the Chancellor of the Exchequer announced that by 2008 there would be the largest ever increase in health spending at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½40bn. This is a huge enlargement of the budget spending and obviously shows that health is a main priority if the government is willing to increase it’s spending by this much. It has been released that every year there shall be an increase of around 4% on health spending. Although the government is injecting a large section of the budget into health care it is not dramatically increasing it every year and sacrificing other sector’s money to pour more into healthcare. The government is slowly increasing the amount spent in health and all the time, every year introducing new legislations and targets to make the NHS a more efficient and improved service for everyone within the UK. â€Å"We are determined to maintain our disciplined approach, determined not to make the old British mistakes of paying ourselves too much today at the cost of higher interest rates and fewer jobs tomorrow† – Gordon Brown This quote suggests that by not putting too much money into a single sector it reduces the chances of having an economic backlash in the future. I agree with this and believe that by making smaller steps and gradually increasing expenditure it improves the economy at a much greater scale in the long run and prevents unwanted repercussions that may damage the economy. By pushing more money into the sectors it could cause the desired effect to become counter-productive and hinder more than help. Some people believe that the budget is only increasing in the health sector by such amounts because the ongoing criticisms have driven the government to improve it’s image and please the people to keep the current party in power. Fostering high standards of education is the Government’s greatest responsibility. In England this responsibility lies with the Departments for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF). About 93 per cent of children are educated in state-run primary and secondary schools; the remainder go to independent schools that rely on privately-paid tuition fees. Through these central government organisations, the provision of education in the UK includes monitoring and improving standards in schools, colleges and universities; ensuring that everyone – no matter what disability or special need they may have – is included and has access to high quality education; promoting work experience for young people and vocational training for employees; and encouraging lifelong learning. Through the British Council, the Government actively promotes education in the UK to countries all over the world. Other major organisations help to guide and make welcome some 275,000 overseas students who currently enjoy the advantages of living and studying in the UK. Before June 2007 schools were the responsibility of the former Department for Education and Skills. Education is gradually becoming increasingly more important within the UK as greater than ever numbers of young graduates roam the job market relegating others without degrees into a league of themselves. To employers education is the main thing they look at on CVs, dismissing experience and background for the simple number on the piece of paper. So education is a main priority for the government to try and make Britain’s children as well qualified as they can be, pushing the economy further up the ladder and improving things for all. So education for the government has became a huge priority and this can be shown by the recent announcement to raise the school minimum leaving age to 18; offering college courses and apprenticeships and also A-Levels to every child. Implementing this new legislation would obviously require a huge increase in the budget allocated for education, which would either mean another increased tax, which has happened for the past 11 years while Gordon Brown had been Chancellor, or sacrificing other areas of spending to improve education. Making these decisions requires undoubtedly many months of thinking and consultation before arriving at a suitable judgment. In the 2007 budget report, the government announced that investment in education and skills would rise to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½90bn by 2010/2011. In a clearer spectrum, there is a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4bn increase from 2006 to 2007 then a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5bn increase from 2007 to 2008 and therefore proves that the government is gradually increasing the percentage increase spent on education annually. In evaluation it can be said that although there isn’t a dramatic increase in the spending on the education sector, there are other factors that affect the efficiency of it too. For example money may not be being spent efficiently in the employment and the social protection areas, which are having a direct effect on the education, this can easily be mistaken as problems within the education spending rather than stepping back and realising that it could be issues somewhere else. Increasing the funding in education and training programs could significantly reduce unemployment levels (a major concern for the government) and increase the productivity per worker. In the UK the productivity per worker is substantially lower than other countries such as the US and Germany by as far as 30% in 2002. I believe that education is a major priority for the current government as competition from other countries towers above Britain and with the productivity per worker as low as it is, surely suggests that something within the education sector must be improved to raise our working standards. As the investment in education carries on rising at such rates it must be taken for granted it is becoming an even greater priority, especially with other countries almost mocking us with their efficiency. In 2007 we missed 24 of our 57 targets set by the government in education which raised awareness of the problem widely and brought it to the forefront of priorities. I believe in Britain we need better qualifications to lower unemployment and bring our workforce into the productivity ranges we need to compete with other countries or otherwise our place in the world’s economy will gradually being to fall. In comparison with previous years spending the 2007 budget does not seem to have any major, out of place differences with previous years and generally it appears every sector has just risen with the same annual percentage. However it is within these sectors where the money expenditure has changed. Implementing new legislations and programs, eliminating ineffective ideas and changing the dynamics of how each area is run is where the change in money being spent has taken place. This is a pie chart to represent the budget was spent in 2006: In 2007: In conclusion the amount spent on each sector does reflect the amount to which it is a priority but many other factors must be taken into account when judging that. Some areas such as social protection are such a far larger sector than that of industry, agriculture, employment and training and therefore will ultimately require more money to keep it running smoothly and keep the economic balance. Other areas may be of greater importance and priority such as education, but by spending ridiculous amounts of money on it will be counter-productive and cause many long term problems so despite the fact it is more of a priority, by spending less money on it does not reflect that. By reviewing past years budgets and comparing them with more recent ones it is possible to find where greater amounts of spending has occurred and what sectors are gradually having a greater percentage increase in their spending annually. Another reason why spending doesn’t reflect current government priorities is because although spending may not increase that much, time and effort to reorganise and implement new legislation to improve an area could equally suggest that it is a priority but money would not solve it, just improving the efficiency would. Sometimes spending money on one area will directly affect another positively anyway such as improving education will also improve employment and training. As a general rule the government’s role is to keep inflation low, keep unemployment low, balance in international trade and maintain a flourishing and prospering economy. The government has been investing large amounts of money into training schemes and other projects that have ultimately led to the unemployment rate falling to 5.2% in February 2008. The claimant count was 793,500 in February 2008, down 2,800 over the previous month and down 126,500 over the year. This is the lowest figure since June 1975. The claimant count has now fallen for 17 consecutive months. This shows that the investments into training and education has led to the fall in unemployment which proves my theory that spending in other sectors subsequently helps others. One could just quite plainly say that the government spending does not reflect current government priorities or otherwise if it did then there would be a perfect economy because the money spent would be used to it’s full potential in exactly the right places, doing exactly the right thing; lowering unemployment, improving healthcare, lowering inflation etc. I believe that the difference in the previous budget and the current one describes the extent to which the budget reflects current government priorities better than the looking at the budget itself as the current priorities will determine how much spending will increase in each sector and those with the larger increases (after taking into account inflation) show that they are more of a priority than those with little or no increase. Generally, the government invests the money into areas which is sees to be crucial for the future, so dependent on the priorities, the budget is spent taking into account these and areas of needed development; so if it isn’t spent directly reflecting government priorities, it has taken these into account and spent it most wisely considering areas that need improvement but are not always priorities. Bibliography http://tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/fiscalpolicy/public_spending.htm http://www.bized.co.uk/virtual/economy/policy/tools/government/ http://tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/fiscalpolicy/public_spending.htm http://www.bized.co.uk/virtual/economy/policy/tools/government/gexpex.htm http://budget2007.treasury.gov.uk/page_09.htm http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/budget/budget_07/bud_bud07_index.cfm http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/spending_review/spend_index.cfm http://budget2006.treasury.gov.uk/page_09.html http://www.adb.org/SocialProtection/default.asp http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/Documents/UK_Economy/Fiscal_Policy/ukecon_fisc_policy99.cfm http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780198776222/carlin_chap05.pdf http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/index.htm http://www.ntd.co.uk/idsbookshop/details.asp?id=844 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/ http://www.bized.co.uk/virtual/bank/business/external/policy/expl.htm http://www.pm.gov.uk/output/Page7489.asp

Sports Marketing The Agent Athlete Relationship and...

Due to the nature and complexity of contracts, agents are expected to have a background in contract law and be knowledgeable in finance, business management, financial and risk analysis, and of course, sports. In order to be a successful sports agent one must not only be a great negotiator, but also be highly motivated, have exceptional communication skills, be prepared to work long hours and handle multiple tasks at the same time. An agent must be able to apply effective marketing principles. The â€Å"Four P’s† of marketing are: 1. Product (or Service) - What does the athlete want from the agent? What needs does the agent satisfy? 2. Promotion- How is the agent successfully promoting the athlete? 3. Price- What value does the athlete give†¦show more content†¦An athlete prefers the best public image possible and to obtain that image the player must only associate themselves with individuals that are held in high regards and highly respected in the public’s mind. An agent that has participated in questionable acts could taint an athlete’s image. Therefore, an athlete would want no association with that agent A perfect agent would be an honest and loyal agent that abides by both federal and state laws governing agent athlete relations. An agent that will always put the athlete’s interest before their own and be highly dedicated to ensuring the athlete gets the best deal possible in every situation that arises throughout the athlete’s life. Ethical Issues Athletes and the sports industry have turned into a multi-billion dollar business annually. Stacked on top of that is that leagues and educational institutions receive multi-million dollar media contracts each year. This is so that broadcasters such as NBC, FOX, and TNT have the rights to broadcast that team or leagues games. The surge of money in the sports industry has led to an influx of agents into the world of agent athletes. 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