Tricky Masculine Nouns in German

German is a pretty rule-heavy language but as with any rules, there are always exceptions. In this article, well dive into masculine nouns that have irregular endings. Masculine Nouns Ending in e Most German nouns ending in -e are feminine. But there are some very common e-ending masculine nouns — sometimes referred to as weak nouns. Many of them derived from adjectives. Here are a few common examples: der alte: old mander beamte: civil servantder deutsche: male Germander Franzose: Frenchmander fremde: strangerder gatte: male spouseder kollege: colleagueder kunde: customerder junge: boyder riese: giantder verwandte: relative Almost all such masculine nouns ending in -e (der Kà ¤se being a rare exception) add an -n ending in the genitive and plural. They also add an -n ending in any case other than the nominative — for example, the accusative, dative, and genitive cases (den/dem kollegen, des kollegen). But there are a few more variations on this ending theme. Some Masculine Nouns Add ens in the Genitive Another small group of German masculine nouns ending in -e requires an unusual ending in the genitive case. While most German masculine nouns add -s or -es in the genitive, these nouns add -ens instead. This group includes​: der  name/des namens: of the nameder glaube/des glaubens: of the beliefder buchstabe/des buchstabens: of the letter, referring to the alphabetder friede/des friedens: of the  peaceder funke/des funkens: of the sparkder same/des samens: of the seedder wille/des willens: of the  will Masculine Nouns Referring to Animals, People, Titles, or Professions This group of common masculine nouns includes some that end in -e (der là ¶we, lion), but there are also other typical endings: -ant (der kommandant), -ent (der prà ¤sident), -r (der bà ¤r), -t (der architekt). As you can see, these German nouns often resemble the same word in English, French, or other languages. For nouns in this group, you need to add an -en ending in any case other than the nominative: Er sprach mit dem Prà ¤sidenten. (dative) Nouns That Add -n, -en   Some nouns add an n, en, or another ending in any case other than the nominative.   (AKK.) Kennst du den Franzosen? Do you know the Frenchman? (DAT.) Was hat sie  dem  Jungen  gegeben? What did she give the boy? (GEN.) Das ist der Name des Herrn. Thats the gentlemans name. Other Irregular German Masculine Nouns Endings shown are for (1) the genitive/accusative/dative and (2) the plural. der alte:  old man (-n, -n)der architekt:  architect (-en, -en)der automat: vending machine (-en, -en)der bà ¤r  bear: (-en, -en) Often  des bà ¤rs  in informal genitive usage.der bauer:  farmer, peasant; yokel (-n, -n)der beamte:  civil servant (-n, -n)der bote:  messenger (-n, -n)der bursche:  boy, lad; fellow, guy (-n, -n)der Deutsche:  male German (-n, -n)der einheimische:  native, local (-n, -n)der erwachsene:  adult (-n, -n)der Franzose: Frenchman (-n, -n)der fremde:  stranger (-n, -n)der fà ¼rst:  prince (-en, -en)der  gatte:  male spouse (-n, -n)der gefangene:  prisoner (-n, -n)der gelehrte:  scholar (-n, -n)der graf:  count (-en, -en)der heilige:  saint (-n, -n)der held:  hero (-en, -en)der herr:  gentleman, lord (-n, -en)der hirt:  herdsman (-en, -en)der kamerad:  comrade (-en, -en)der  kollege:  colleague (-n, -n)der kommandant:  commander (-en, -en)der kunde:  customer (-n, -n)der là ¶we:  lion; Leo (astrol.) ( -n, -n)der mensch:  person, human being (-en, -en)der nachbar:  neighbor (-n, -n) Often the -n ending is only used in the genitive singular.der junge:  boy (-n, -n)der kà ¤se:  cheese (-s, -)  The plural is usually  kà ¤sesorten.der planet:  planet (-en, -en)der prà ¤sident:  president (-en, -en)der prinz:  prince (-en, -en)der riese: giant (-n, -n)der soldat:  soldier (-en, -en)der tor:  fool, idiot (-en, -en)der verwandte:  relative (-n, -n) A final comment about these special masculine nouns. In common, everyday German (casual versus more formal register), the genitive -en or -n endings are sometimes replaced by an -es or -s. In some cases, the accusative or dative endings are also dropped.

Pros And Cons Of Gambling - 1282 Words

Pros/Cons of Gambling Gambling definition- â€Å"The betting or staking of something of value, with consciousness of risk and hope of gain, on the outcome of a game, a contest, or an uncertain event whose result may be determined by chance or accident or have an unexpected result by reason of the bettor’s miscalculation.† Some gambling games are craps, roulette, baccarat, blackjack, and trente et quarante. Some of the things people bet on are horse racing, dog racing, and dog and rat fights. Casinos often have musical shows, lighted fountains, shopping centers, and lavish hotels. Games of chance include slot machines, blackjack, roulette, craps, keno, and baccarat. Casinos may also have restaurants and stage shows. Casinos consider â€Å"good†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Some gambling game’s rules can depend on skill and chance so that players can manipulate the game to win. With other games, like lottery tickets and slot machines, having knowledge of th e game has very little use. Casinos have existed since the 17th century. Congressmen would gamble in the 1800s. Lobbyist would pay off debts for congressmen to get their votes. Full-scale gambling became legal in 1931 in the US. Hawaii and Utah are the only states that don’t have legalized gambling. Early US presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, and Andrew van Buren all enjoyed gambling. Washington bet on horse races and cards. Thomas Jefferson publicly opposed gambling and called it â€Å"the devil’s game†, but he did gamble. Andrew van Buren bet money and clothes that he would become president. American colonists employed lotteries to raise funds for military defense, as Congress did in 1776 when they organized a lottery of five million dollars in prizes to help fund the War for Independence. In 1748, Benjamin Franklin organized a Pennsylvania lottery to help buy military supplies. Studies show gambling as a source of jobs and tax rev enues, and the activity is seen as entertainment for the public. The spread of gambling across the United States has not taken business from Las Vegas; it has only stimulated a greater boom for our region’s economy. Three inventions allowed gambling in America to expand into a majorShow MoreRelatedPro and Con of Liberalized Gambling in Texas7402 Words   |  30 PagesEfforts are once again underway in the legislature to bring casino-style gambling to Texas. It’s an idea that has failed in recent legislative sessions, but backers are hoping they’ve found the right formula for success in 2009. There are many appealing arguments on the side of pro-gambling groups. Keeping gambling money that is now going to Louisiana and Oklahoma in Texas is one popular idea. Reviving the state’s horse-raising industry by allowing slot machines at racetracks is another. 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Bonnie and Clyde Beginning of a New Hollywood Era Essay

BONNIE AND CLYDE : â€Å"Beginning of the New Hollywood Era.† Bonnie and Clyde is a 1967 American crime film about Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow, the criminal version of Romeo and Juliet, the true story of the most beloved yet infamous outlaws, robbers and convicts who journeyed the Central United States during the Great Depression. The film was directed by Arthur Penn, and stars Faye Dunaway as Bonnie Parker, and Warren Beatty as Clyde Barrow. Bonnie and Clyde is reckoned as one of the 60s most talked-about, volatile, controversial crime/gangster films combining comedy, terror, love, and ferocious violence, and regarded as one of the first films of the New Hollywood era, in which it broke many taboos and was so popular amongst the†¦show more content†¦The medium shot that follows shows the water marks in the ceiling and wall of her low-income frame house, indicating her dire financial straits. 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A Report on a Case Study Analysis Related To IT Ethics

Question: The article/case study provided in interact as the title of your essay, so that the lecturer knows which article you are analysing. Answer: Introduction: The report aims at depicting a case scenario that is related to one of the most concerning issues in the modern technological environment, namely information and technology ethics. The case study chosen for this particular study is that of Cybercrime Attribution: An Eastern European Case Study. The report comprises of an analysis of the provided case study, whereby the concept of cybercrime has been the buzzword. It provides us with various implications related to cybercrime. Cybercrime refers to the crime which involves a system and a network. Net-crime is in fact a criminal exploitation of the internet(Kshetri, 2013). This report therefore describes all ethical issues and also the ways to deal with them whether individually or organizationally. It generates information about concepts of ethical issues and that technological enhancement responsible for ethical concerns. This report discusses information rights, privacy, ethical policy, and intellectual property. Information Communication Technology (ICT) has resulted innovative ethical concerns related to the protection of personal privacy, user responsibility, protecting intellectual property, software licenses as well as piracy, access and utilization of information, etc. An effective ICT related policy should be capable of considering these considerably, and several associated issues. The extensive growth of internet and its functionalities have allowed the whole industries to drive their business operations as well as money within internet (Lucas Mason, 2008). This has naturally led to the growth of criminal activities that take place virtually. Though cybercrime is not a new thing, yet computer systems have been valuable targets, and this has therefore changed our thoughts about security, threats, and risks (Jung, 2009). As referred to in the case study, the entrance of organized crime within the arena has increased the concern, along with the tremendous growth of internet botnets whic h have the power to cause greater damage to potential victims. The case relates to the analysis of multiple aspects that will allow a better understanding about prevention as well as protection. East European hackers utilize more efficient technologically advanced malware as well as detection evasion methods as compared to the East Asian hackers. Despite an increased number of cyber-attacks introduced by the East Asian hackers against firms as well as governmental institutions across the globe in recent years, the cybercriminals of this region are considered more sophisticated challenge towards global internet security(Jingtao, Yuanyuan Xiaoling, 2010). As per the given case scenario, cybercrimes are quite common these days, but there are certain differences in the ways these are conducted. As per research, the cybercriminals of east Europe are way too ahead of the times. It is rightly depicted that the east Europeans are masters in malware development. These hackers would use null-day exploits that targets previously uncertain vulnerabilities, and also spear phishing for compromising targets computer system, but then will depend upon basic malware as well as third party to ols for maintaining and expanding their accessibility on targets network(Pivec, 2011). Contrast to this, east European hackers utilizes exploits developed by others to initiate penetration, but malware programs are specifically customized to respective goals and functionalities. It is analyzed that Information and Technology security personnel have to often access confidential data as well as knowledge regarding individual or business networks as well as systems which give greater power (Frank Felix, 2012). This power may be abused inadvertently or deliberately. Analyzing the case scenario would identify the need for ethical guidelines (Vaccaro Madsen, 2009). The training of the professionals like security specialists focus upon technical knowledge as well as skills. As mentioned in the case that investment has been stable in the sector of ethics in information and communication technology. However, as per research it is identified that business firms are investing heavily into computer systems as designed to enhance the efficiency as well as effectiveness. These are sometimes complex as replacing manual processes which earlier defied automation, introducing innovative functions into the automated process. There are ethical agenda related to the use of the ICT in the firms (Chang, 2012). This combines aspects common to several professions as well as issues which are specific to ICT. The following are some important methods by which organizations may establish such an agenda as well as address all ethical issues prevalent in ICT: the organizational policies need to be decided in relation to ICT. This needs to take complete account of organizational objectives as derived from mission statement. This includes using organizational key values, set out within the code of practices to guide in determining the ways to resolve ethical aspects (Winmill, Metcalf Band, 2014). It also states the policy scopes in context to matters that are to be covered. European Landscape: As referred to the European landscape, the trend in ICT has been identified significantly. The move towards increased computational power, along with decreasing cost as well as size, may make improved changes and new technological advancements would provide enhanced opportunities. Some of the mentionable trends are ever-rising computational power apart from decreased size and cost, technological advances creating new interfaces, the capability of staying connected anytime, anywhere with service demands, creation of virtual places and services along with the service providers (Brenner Schwerha IV, 2004). The applications which the EU perceives as relevant for the coming years are reflected within the key challenges. These are divided into two groups: reinforcing Europes industrial strengths and that of overcoming technology roadblocks, and also taking up opportunities by applying ICT for addressing challenges. With several challenges presented the applications that EC perceives the c entral in advancing policy agenda. The cybercriminals of east Europe are way too ahead of the times. It is rightly depicted that the east Europeans are masters in malware development (Bowern, Burmeister, Gotterbarn Weckert, 2006). These hackers would use null-day exploits that targets previously uncertain vulnerabilities, and also spear phishing for compromising targets computer system, but then will depend upon basic malware as well as third party tools for maintaining and expanding their accessibility on targets network (Koski, 2003). Contrast to this, east European hackers utilizes exploits developed by others to initiate penetration, but malware programs are specifically customized to respective goals and functionalities. International Cybercrime: A key problem which arises while working with cybercrime is that almost all crimes transit data by means of a multitude of international borders prior to reaching the final goal. This has an impact upon investigation of cybercrimes and that of application of laws. An instance of legal restriction faced with foreign incidents arrives from searching as well as seizing of computers and obtaining electronic evidence within criminal investigations manual for the US department of justice. It reports that while seeking support from ISPs overseas, all officers should work along with the countrys consent that refers to certain formalities required to be solved before proceeding. Some of the mentionable trends are ever-rising computational power apart from decreased size and cost, technological advances creating new interfaces, the capability of staying connected anytime, anywhere with service demands, creation of virtual places and services along with the service providers (Backus, Spinello Tavani, 2004). The applications which the EU perceives as relevant for the coming years are reflected within the key challenges. The entrance of organized crime within the arena has increased the concern, along with the tremendous growth of internet botnets which have the power to cause greater damage to potential victims. The case relates to the analysis of multiple aspects that will allow a better understanding about prevention as well as protection. Conclusion: The case analyses confirms a fact that cybercrime is now a global growing issue. This report therefore describes all ethical issues and also the ways to deal with them whether individually or organizationally. It generates information about concepts of ethical issues and that technological enhancement responsible for ethical concerns. This report discusses information rights, privacy, ethical policy, and intellectual property. As referred to in the case study, the entrance of organized crime within the arena has increased the concern, along with the tremendous growth of internet botnets which have the power to cause greater damage to potential victims. The case relates to the analysis of multiple aspects that will allow a better understanding about prevention as well as protection. East European hackers utilize more efficient technologically advanced malware as well as detection evasion methods as compared to the East Asian hackers. Despite an increased number of cyber-attacks introd uced by the East Asian hackers against firms as well as governmental institutions across the globe in recent years, the cybercriminals of this region are considered more sophisticated challenge towards global internet security. References Backus, A., Spinello, R., Tavani, H. (2004). Genomics, Ethics, and ICT.Ethics And Information Technology,6(1), 1-3. doi:10.1023/b:etin.0000036199.21906.ac Bowern, M., Burmeister, O., Gotterbarn, D., Weckert, J. (2006). ICT Integrity: bringing the ACS code of ethics up to date.AJIS,13(2). doi:10.3127/ajis.v13i2.50 Brenner, S., Schwerha IV, J. (2004). IntroductionCybercrime: A Note on International Issues.Information Systems Frontiers,6(2), 111-114. doi:10.1023/b:isfi.0000025779.42497.30 Chang, Y. (2012). Combating cybercrime across the Taiwan Strait: investigation and prosecution issues.Australian Journal Of Forensic Sciences,44(1), 5-14. doi:10.1080/00450618.2011.581246 Frank, I., Felix, O. (2012). Application of MIMO Technology to Systems Beyond 3G.International Journal Of Informatics And Communication Technology (IJ-ICT),1(2). doi:10.11591/ij-ict.v1i2.1482 Jingtao, Z., Yuanyuan, F., Xiaoling, M. (2010). The latest progress report on ICT application in Chinese basic education.British Journal Of Educational Technology,41(4), 567-573. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2010.01083.x Jung, I. (2009). Ethical judgments and behaviors: Applying a multidimensional ethics scale to measuring ICT ethics of college students.Computers Education,53(3), 940-949. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2009.05.011 Koski, G. (2003). Ethical Issues in Antiepileptic Trials: Old Issues in a New World.Epilepsia,44, 16-18. doi:10.1046/j.1528-1157.44.s7.8.x Kshetri, N. (2013). Cybercrime and cyber-security issues associated with China: some economic and institutional considerations.Electron Commer Res,13(1), 41-69. doi:10.1007/s10660-013-9105-4 Lucas, R., Mason, N. (2008). A survey of ethics and regulation within the ICT industry in Australia: ethics education.J Of Inf, Com Eth In Society,6(4), 349-363. doi:10.1108/14779960810921141 Pivec, F. (2011). Codes of Ethics and Codes of Conduct for Using ICT in Education.Organizacija,44(3). doi:10.2478/v10051-011-0007-8 Vaccaro, A., Madsen, P. (2009). Corporate dynamic transparency: the new ICT-driven ethics?.Ethics And Information Technology,11(2), 113-122. doi:10.1007/s10676-009-9190-1 Winmill, B., Metcalf, D., Band, M. (2014). Cybercrime: Issues and challenges in the United States.DEESLR,7(0). doi:10.14296/deeslr.v7i0.1921 Woollacott, P. (2007). Cybercrime comes of age.ITNOW,49(2), 6-7. doi:10.1093/combul/bwl110